A. Referred Papers

1. K. S. Chiang, H. I. Liu, and M. Y. Ho. (2004) Comparisons of Spatial Mixed Model and Conventional Analysis of Variance from Field Experiments. Crop, Environmental & Bioinformatics 1(2):79-88. 

2. K. S. Chiang and Y. T. Huang. (2004) Analysis of the Time Effect on Disease Progress of Rice Leaf Blast. Plant Protection Bulletin. 46:357-365. 

3. K. S. Chiang, M. C. Wang, M. Y. Ho. (2005) Principal Components Analysis of Serially Correlation Data - the Monitored Water Data of Techi Reservoir as an Example.Journal of the Agricultural Association of China. 6(4) : 355-379. 

4. K. S. Chiang and Y. T. Huang. (2005) Analysis of the Spatial Pattern for Rice Leaf Blast. Plant Protection Bulletin.47 : 129-142. 

5. K. S. Chiang. (2006) Analysis Methods for Multiple Comparisons in Plant Protection Research. Plant Protection Bulletin.48 : 259-268. 

6. P. F. Chen and K. S. Chiang*. (2007) Research of Modeling Overdispersion for Analyzing Plant Disease Incidence Data. Journal of the Agricultural Association of China.8(3):225-244. (*Corresponding Author) 

7. K. S. Chiang, T. C. Deng, S. H. Lai, and S. F. Wang. (2007) A statistical method to estimate virus seed-transmission rate by results of group tests. Plant Pathology Bulletin16 : 225-229. 

8. K. S. Chiang, W. C. Chung, S. H. Lin, S. H. Lai, and S. F. Wang. (2008) Group-testing design for the infection rates of potatoes viruses. Plant Pathology Bulletin17:321-326. 

9. K. S. Chiang, S. H. Lai, W. C. Chung, S. H. Lin, and T. C. Yang. (2010) Cost considerations in choosing group size for group testing in the seed potato certification program. American Journal of Potato Research87:472-478. (SCI, Agronomy, 0.951, 38/79 in 2013)

(codes) 

10. K. S. Chiang, and S. H. Lai. (2010) Application of group testing procedure in plant pathology. Plant Pathology Bulletin 19:117-126. (Invited paper) 

11. S. C. Liu, K. S. Chiang*, C. H. Lin, and T. C. Deng. (2011) Confidence interval procedures for proportions estimated by group testing with groups of unequal size adjusted for overdispersion. Journal of Applied Statistics38:1467-1482. (*Corresponding Author) (SCI, Statistics & Probability, 0.453, 102/119 in 2013)

(codes in R program) 

12. Peichen Chen, Shih-Chia Liu, Hung-I Liu, Tse-Wei Chen, Kuo-Szu Chiang* (2011) Probability of detecting nematode infestations for quarantine sampling with imperfect extraction efficacy. Journal of Nematology43(1):16-24. (*Corresponding Author) (SCI, Zoology, 0.689, 114/153 in 2013) 

13. S.C. Liu, K.S. Chiang*, C.H. Lin, W.C. Chung, S.H. Lin & T.C. Yang (2011) Cost analysis in choosing group size when group testing for Potato virus Y in the presence of classification errors. Annals of Applied Biology159 : 491-502. (*Corresponding Author) (SCI, Agriculture, multidisciplinary, 1.955, 6/56 in 2013) 

14. Y.J. Dong, C.W. Song, Y.Y. Chuang, K.S. Chiang, W.W. Wu, L.L. Cheng & C.C. Chen (2011) Degree of fruit ripeness affecting infestation of papaya by two species of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Taiwan Agricultural Research60(4):253-262. 

15. Kuo-Szu Chiang, Ting-Chin Deng, Shih-Chia Liu, Cheng-Hsiang Lin (2012) A new computer program for estimating the proportion of infected seeds and its confidence limit by group testing in seed health assays. Journal of the Agricultural Association of Taiwan. 13(2):118-131.

(codes) 

16. Hung-I Liu, Niann-Tai Chang, Tse-Wei Chen, Kuo-Szu Chiang* (2013) Establishment of quantitative risk assessment of plant pest: an example of Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Journal of the Agricultural Association of Taiwan (*Corresponding Author) 14(2):109-129. 

17. Kuo-Szu Chiang, Shih-Chia Liu, Clive H. Bock*, and Tim R. Gottwald (2014) What Interval Characteristics Make a Good Categorical Disease Assessment Scale? Phytopathology104:575-585 (SCI, Plant Sciences, IF = 3.264, Rank = 40/228 (17.5%) in 2018). #8 of top articles are determined by quantity of downloads of research papers published in 2014 for Phytopathology. (Phytopathology News in January of 2015)

(codes) 

18. Sin-Hong Lai, Shou-Horng Huang, Ching-Huan Cheng and Kuo-Szu Chiang* (2014) Forecasting Model for Brown Planthopper Population Fluctuation and Its Effects on Rice Production in Taiwan. Crop, Environment & Bioinformatics (*Corresponding Author) 11:57-71. 

19. Chih-Wei Chung, Ting-Chin Deng and Kuo-Szu Chiang* (2014) Comparison of Confidence Interval for Proportions Estimated by Using Group Testing under the Existence of a Threshold of Detection - Two Cases in Agricultural Science as Examples. Crop, Environment & Bioinformatics(*Corresponding Author) 11:129-144. 

20. Bock, C.H., El Jarroudi, M., Kouadio, A.L., Mackels, C., Chiang, K.-S., and Delfosse, P. (2015) Disease severity estimates – effects of rater accuracy and assessment methods for comparing treatments. Plant Disease99:1104-1112 (SCI, Plant Sciences, IF = 3.583, Rank = 33/228 (14%) in 2018). The trending article of October-2015 at Phytopathology News. 

21. K. S. Chiang, C. H. Bock*, M. El Jarroudi, P. Delfosse, I. H. Lee and H. I. Liu (2016) Effects of rater bias and assessment method on disease severity estimation with regard to hypothesis testing. Plant Pathology65:523-535 (SCI, Agronomy, IF = 2.493, Rank = 16/89 (18%) in 2018) 

22. K. S. Chiang, C. H. Bock*, I. H. Lee, M. El Jarroudi, and P. Delfosse(2016) Plant disease severity assessment - how rater bias, assessment method and experimental design affect hypothesis testing and resource use efficiency. Phytopathology106:1451-1464. (SCI, Plant Sciences, IF = 3.264, Rank = 40/228 (17.5%) in 2018) The trending article Feb. 2017 in Phytopathology News. 

23. Clive H. Bock, Kuo-Szu Chiang and Emerson Del Ponte (2016) Accuracy of plant specimen disease severity estimates: concepts, history, methods, ramifications and challenges for the future. CAB Reviews(11, No. 032). Published in Scopus. Scopus 

24. Hung-I Liu1, Shou-Huang Huang2*, Kuo-Szu Chiang3* (2017) A speedy, accurate, and precise image analysis to measure the damaged leaf area of rice leaf folder. Journal of Taiwan Agricultural Research (*Corresponding Author) 66(4):307–317. 

25. K.S. Chiang1*, H.I. Liu1* & C.H. Bock2 (2017) A discussion on disease severity index values: Warning on inherent errors and suggestions to maximize accuracy. Annals of Applied Biology171:139-154.(SCI, Agriculture multidisciplinary, IF = 1.611, Rank = 13/56 (23%) in 2018) 

26. K.S. Chiang, H.I. Liu, J.W. Tsai, J.R. Tsai & C.H. Bock (2017) A discussion on disease severity index values. Part II: Using the disease severity index for null hypothesis testing. Annals of Applied Biology171:490-505. (SCI, Agriculture multidisciplinary, IF = 1.611, Rank = 13/56 (23%) in 2018) 

27. Clive Bock and Kuo-Szu Chiang (2019) Disease incidence-severity relationships on leaflets, leaves and fruit in the pecan - Venturia effusa pathosystem. Plant Disease103:2865-2876 (SCI, Plant Sciences, IF = 3.583, Rank = 33/228 (14%) in 2018) 

28. Hung-I Liu, Jia-Ren Tsai, Wen-Hsin Chung, Clive H. Bock, Kuo-Szu Chiang* Effects of Quantitative Ordinal Scale Design on the Accuracy of Estimates of Mean Disease Severity. Agronomy2019, 9, 565; doi:10.3390/agronomy9090565 (SCI, Agronomy, 2.259, 19/89 (21%) in 2018) 

29. K.S. Chiang, H.I. Liu, Y.L. Chen, M. El Jarroudi and C.H. Bock (2020). Quantitative Ordinal Scale Estimates of Plant Disease Severity: Comparing Treatments Using a Proportional Odds Model. Phytopathology110 (4): 734-743 (SCI, Plant Sciences, IF = 3.264, Rank = 40/228 (17.5%) in 2018).

This is my third paper published in Phytopathology since 2014. 

30. Bock CH, Chiang KS, and Del Ponte EM (2022). Plant disease severity estimated visually: a century of research, best practices and opportunities for improving methods and practices to maximize accuracy.

Tropical Plant Pathology, 47, 25–42. (SCI) 

31. Chiang KS, and Bock CH (2022) Understanding the ramifications of quantitative ordinal scales on accuracy of estimates of disease severity and data analysis in plant pathology.

Tropical Plant Pathology, 47, 58–73. (SCI) 

32. K.S. Chiang*, Y.M. Chang, H.I. Liu, J.Y. Lee, M. El Jarroudi and C.H. Bock* (2024) Survival Analysis as a Basis to Test Hypotheses When Using Quantitative Ordinal Scale Disease Severity Data. Phytopathology, 114, 378–392. (SCI)

33. Clive H. Bock, Emerson M. Del Ponte, and Kuo-Szu Chiang (2024) The Nuances of Plant Disease Severity Estimation Using Quantitative Ordinal Scales – Lessons Learned Over Four Decades. Phytopathology, 114, 1157–1160. (SCI)

34. Anne-Katrin Mahlein, Jayme G. Arnal Barbedo, Kuo-Szu Chiang, Emerson M. Del Ponte, and Clive H. Bock (2024) From Detection to Protection: The Role of Optical Sensors, Robots, and Artificial Intelligence in Modern Plant Disease Management. Phytopathology, 114:1733-1741 (SCI)

35. Kuo-Szu Chiang, Yu-Mei Chang ,Jen-Yu Lee, Andrew Robinson, Michael Ormsby, Melissa Welsh, Eckehard Brockerhoff, John Kean. Using Survival Analysis to Develop Models for Estimating Size-at-Detection of Invasive Species under Surveillance. Authorea. November 20, 2024.

DOI: 10.22541/au.173209886.65470595/v1

B. Conference Papers

1. K. S. Chiang, Vincent C. Arena and Sati Mazumdar, and Nancy B. Sussman (2000), "Spatio-Temporal Hierarchical Models for Analyzing China Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) Incidence Rates" International Biometric Society ENAR Spring Meetings, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. (the contributed paper) 

2. K. S. Chiang, Nancy B. Sussman, Sati Mazumdar, and Vincent C. Arena (2000), "Structure-Activity Relationship Models: Using the Results of Model Ensembles" Joint Statistical Meetings, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A. (the contributed paper) 

3. K. S. Chiang, Sati Mazumdar, Vincent C. Arena, and Nancy B. Sussman (2000) "A Hierarchical Spatio-Temporal Model for Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) Incidence Rates in China" The International Conference in recent Developments in Statistics, Probability and their Applications, New Delhi, India (the contributed paper) 

4. Sati Mazumdar, Kuo-Szu Chiang, Nancy B. Sussman, and Vincent C. Arena (2000) "Hierarchical Bayesian Models for Structure-Activity Relationship" The 4th International Triennial Calcutta Symposium on Probability and Statistics, Calcutta, India (the invited paper) 

5. Sati Mazumdar and Kuo-Szu Chiang (2001) "Hierarchical Models for Toxicological Risk Assessment" Joint Statistical Meetings, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. (the invited paper) 

6. K. S. Chiang., Jing-Shiang Hwang(2001) "Modeling the Impact of Air Pollution on Daily Mortality in Taiwan" 統計年會，政治大學。 

7. Mei-Yi Ho, Kuo-Szu Chiang (2004) "Principal Components Analysis of Serially Correlated Data" 農藝年會，台灣大學。 

8. 蔣國司、鄧汀欽、余志儒、林子凱、蔡錦慧、賴信宏 (2005) "胡瓜病毒病害與媒介昆蟲之關係"，植病年會，中興大學。 

9. 賴信宏、蔣國司、鄧汀欽、林子凱、蔡錦慧 (2006) "冬瓜雙生病毒之流行病學研究"，植病年會，嘉義大學。 

10. 洪藜瑛、蔣國司、安寶貞、蔡志濃、王添成 (2006) "番茄晚疫病流行病學預測模式之建立"，植病年會，嘉義大學。 

11. Kuo-Szu Chiang (2006) "Use of Multiple Comparisons in Plant Protection"，植病年會，嘉義大學。 

12. 鄧汀欽、林子凱、蔣國司、蔡錦慧、賴信宏、廖吉彥、蕭吉雄 (2006) "應用抗病品種防治瓜類病毒病"，作物病害管理技術研討會，防檢局與植病學會。 

13. 林子凱、鄧汀欽、蔣國司、賴信宏、王三太、王毓華、蕭吉雄 (2006) "冬瓜抗病毒病品系「W33」之培育"，園藝年會，台灣大學。 

14. Ting-Chin Deng, Tzu-Kai Lin, You-Ming Chang, Kuo-Szu Chiang, Chin-Hui Tsai, Hsing-Hung Lai, Jye-Yann Liao, Chin-An Chang, Chi-Hsiung Hsiao (2006) "The Breeding of a Commercial Line of Wax Gourd (Benincasa hispida) Resisted to Multiple Viruses", International Workshop on the Cucurbit Diseases and Resistance Breeding, Taiwan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station. 

15. 鄧汀欽、廖吉彥、蔡錦慧、余志儒、蔣國司、賴信宏、林子凱、張清安、 H. Lecoq (2007) "瓜類蚜媒黃化病毒在台灣之發生"，植物蟲媒病害與防治研討會，中興大學。 

16. 李宜蓉、蔣國司 (2009) "台灣晚疫病流行病學預測模式之建立"，雜草學會，台灣大學。 

17. S. H. Lai, K. S. Chiang, W. C. Chung, S. H. Lin, and T. C. Yang. (2010) "Cost considerations in choosing group size for group testing into the certified seed potato scheme in Taiwan" 植病年會，台灣大學。 

18. 蔣國司 (2010) "群體測試在植物流行病學上之應用"，the invited talk，農試所植病組。 

19. Y. J. Dong, L. L. Cheng, C. T. Lu, W. J. Wu, K. S. Chiang, J. S. Yaninek, C. C. Chen. (2010) "Using the green lacewing Mallada basalis (walker) to control Tetranychus kanzawai on papaya in a screen house" 2010美國昆蟲學會年會。 

20. Ting-Chin Deng, Pao-Jen Ann, Ying-Huey Cheng, Tzu-Kai Lin, Kuo-Szu Chiang. (2011) “Climate Change and Dynamics of Plant Diseases” 因應氣候變遷作物育種及生產環境管理研討會，農試所。 

21. 蔣國司(2012) " Cost Considerations in Choosing Group Size for Group Testing in the Seed Potato Certification Program "，the invited talk，台灣大學植物病理與微生物學系。 

22. 蔣國司(2012) "Cost analysis in choosing group size when group testing for Potato virus Y in the presence of classification errors."，南區統計年會，輔仁大學。 

23. 蔣國司、劉弘一、張念台 (2012) "建立西方花薊馬之量化風險性評估"，防檢疫重要薊馬防治技術研討會，屏東科技大學。 

24. 蔣國司 (2013) " What Interval Characteristics Make a Good Disease Assessment Category Scale "，the invited talk， 中興大學植物病理學系；The poster of the 11th International Epidemiology Workshop, Beijing, China。August 22-25, 2013. P36. 2013. 

25. 蔣國司(2014) " What Interval Characteristics Make a Good Categorical Disease Assessment Scale? "，the invited talk，2014第九屆海峽兩岸機率與統計學術研討會(2014/5/17-18) ，中興大學與逢甲大學。 

26. K.S.P. Chiang, C. H. Bock, M. E. Jarroudi, P. Delfosse, I. H. Lee, H. I. Liu. (2014) "The effects of rater bias on hypothesis testing when using different assessment methods to estimate disease severity" 美國植物病理學會，Minnesota, Minneapolis。Phytopathology 104: S3.26. 2014. 

27. C. H. Bock, M. El Jarroudi, L. A. Kouadio, C. Mackels, K. S. Chiang, P. Delfosse (2014) "A comparison of raters and disease assessment methods for estimating disease severity for purposes of hypothesis testing" 美國植物病理學會，Minnesota, Minneapolis。 Phytopathology 104: S3.15. 2014. 

28. 蔣國司 (2014, 9, 10) "The effects of rater bias and assessment method used to estimate disease severity on hypothesis testing"，2014年科技部農業環境科學學門成果發表會(A-P10)，中興大學。 

29. 蔣國司 (2014, 10, 24) "植物病害嚴重度：評估方法之比較與評估者誤差之探討"，the invited talk，農試所植病組。 

30. 蔣國司 (2015, 4, 23) "What effects do rater bias and assessment method have on disease severity estimation with regard to hypothesis testing?"，the invited talk，台灣大學植物病理與微生物學系。 

31. K. S. CHIANG, C. H. Bock, I. H. Lee, M. El Jarroudi, P. Delfosse. (2015) How rater bias and assessment method used to estimate disease severity affect hypothesis testing in different experimental designs. (580-P) The American Phytopathological Society, Pasadena, California, U.S.A. 

32. K.-S. CHIANG, H-I Liu, and C. H. Bock. (2016) Discussion on calculation of disease severity index values from scales with unequal intervals. (602-P) The American Phytopathological Society, Tampa, Florida, U.S.A. 

33. Kuo-Szu Chiangand Clive H. Bock (April 28, 2017) Overviewing the estimates of plant disease severity: history, current development and future prospects. Keynote speaker at the annual meeting of the Taiwan Phytopathological Society, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. 

34. K.-S. CHIANG, and C. H. Bock. (2017) Use of the disease severity index for null hypothesis testing. (14-P) The American Phytopathological Society, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A. 

35. K. S. Chiang , and C. H. Bock. (2018) Ordinal scale estimates of plant disease severity: comparing treatments using a proportional odds model. (p33) Proceedings of the 12th International Epidemiology Workshop, Lillehammer, Norway. 

36. Kuo-Szu Chiang, Hung-I Liu and Clive H. Bock (2019) "Quantitative Ordinal Scale Estimates of Plant Disease Severity: Comparing Treatments Using a Proportional Odds Model "，南區統計年會，中興大學。 

37. Jia Ren Tsai, Hung I Liu, Wen Hsin Chung and Kuo Szu Chiang (2019) " Effects of statistical distributions of diseased leaves and numbers of classes in disease scales on the accuracy of estimate of mean disease severity "，南區統計年會，中興大學。 

38. KUO-SZU CHIANG, Hung-I Liu, Jia-Ren Tsai and Wen-Hsin Chung. (2019) Effects of statistical distributions of diseased leaves and numbers of classes in disease scales on the accuracy of estimates of mean disease severity. (Poster: 014-P1) The American Phytopathological Society, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. 

39. 從無可救藥到不藥而癒：一個抗病毒冬瓜品種的前世、今生與未來 (2020) 符合農藥減量政策的新穎性植物保護技術研討會。中華植物保護學會。 

40. Use of Scales for Plant Disease Severity Assessment in Agriculture from a Statistical Perspective (2020-9-3) 農藝年會邀請演講。 

41. Use of Scales for Plant Disease Severity Assessment in Agriculture from a Statistical Perspective (2020-9-17) 中興大學植物病理學系邀請演講。 

42. K.S. Chiang*, Y.M. Chang, H.I. Liu, J.Y. Lee, M. El Jarroudi and C.H. Bock (2023) Using Survival Analysis for Disease Severity Data Based on Quantitative Ordinal Scales. (Poster: 155) The American Phytopathological Society, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.

43. 林佩柔、蔣國司 (2024) "存活分析於植物病勢進展曲線之應用" (P-A44)，農藝年會，台灣大學。(獲獎：生物統計/作物栽培組_特優 (1/67))

44. K S Chiang, Y M Chang, J Y Lee, A P Robinson (2024) Utilizing Survival Analysis to Develop Models for Estimating Detection Size of Invasive Species under Surveillance. 3rd Australian Biosecurity Symposium, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.

C. Technical Reports & Others

1. K. S. Chiang"Hierarchical Models with Correlated Covariates with Applications to Epidemiological and Toxicological Studies"(2000), Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Ph. D. Dissertation. 

2. V. C. Arena, N. B. Sussman, K. S. Chiang, S. Mazumdar, O. T. Macina, W. Li (2000) "Structure–Activity Relationship using Bagging: Assessment of Prediction Measures by Re-partitioning", Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Technical Report-Methods no.34. 

3. 蔣國司、賴信宏、鄧汀欽、余志儒、林子凱、蔡錦慧 (2006) "胡瓜病毒病害與媒介昆蟲之關係"，農業世界，2月號：10-16。 

4. 應邀至農業藥物毒物試驗所農藥應用組參與學術座談會(生物統計在跨領域合作經驗分享與討論)(2014, 12, 26)。 

5. 應邀至中興大學植物病理學系研究所植物流行病學課程進行演講，內容為生物統計學在植物病害嚴重度估計之研究上的應用及成果之展現。(2020, 03, 10)。 

6. Bock et al. (2020) From visual estimates to fully automated sensor-based measurements of plant disease severity: status and challenges for improving accuracy. Phytopathology Research (2020-3-21).

Acknowledgements:

"All authors are indebted to the contributions of Dr. Kuo-Szu Chiang (National Chung Hsing University) in providing invaluable comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this article.

His knowledge and expertise on the use of assessment scales for severity estimation is well-recognized, and his input on those sections was particularly insightful."